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1.
Prensa méd. argent ; 107(8): 393-396, 20210000. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1358639

ABSTRACT

El epitelio corneal es una importante barrera de defensa que impide el ingreso de una gran variedad de microorganismos. Cualquier alteración de la superficie ocular facilita la invasión bacteriana de la córnea. El germen más frecuentemente identificado es Staphylococcus aureus. Se presenta una paciente con enfermedad debida al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) con diagnóstico de sida, absceso corneal bilateral y lesiones cutáneas. S.aureus meticilino resistente se aisló en hemocultivos y en material obtenido por raspado de la córnea. El absceso corneal es una entidad poco frecuente en pacientes con infección por VIH y síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida.


The corneal epithelium is an important defense barrier that prevents the entry of great variety of microorganisms. Any alteration of the ocular surface facilitates bacterial invasion of the cornea. The most frequently reported germ is Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we present a patient with a diagnosis of HIV/ AIDS disease, who developed bilateral corneal abscess and skin lesions. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from blood cultures and corneal scrapings. Corneal abscess is a rare entity in patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , AIDS Serodiagnosis , Eye Infections/therapy , Corneal Ulcer/classification , Ultrasonography , Cornea/surgery , Abscess/etiology , Eye Manifestations
2.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 48(4): 312-321, 2015. ilus. graf.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-913387

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la eficacia del uso secuencial de clindamicina - triamcinolona intravítreas en el tratamiento de la toxoplasmosis retinal severa (definida como aquella que afecta la macula y/o el nervio óptico) y de las toxoplasmosis atípicas difusas. Métodos: se evaluaron prospectivamente 22 ojos de 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis retinal severa, manejados con clindamicina intravítrea (4,5mg/0,03 cc) seguida, una semana después, de la aplicación de triamcinolona intravítrea (4mgs/0,1 cc). La agudeza visual se midió y se convirtió a LogMAR y se realizó una comparación con la prueba de Wilcoxon para establecer diferencias. Resultados: el 82% (18 pacientes) de los ojos tratados con este esquema presentaron mejoria de la agudeza visual, el 9 % (2 pacientes), se estabilizaron, el 9% (2 pacientes), empeoraron después del tratamiento. Sin tratamiento, el 74% de los pacientes (16 pacientes) tenían visión menor a 20/200. Con el tratamiento, este porcentaje disminuyó al 26% (6 pacientes). La agudeza visual expresada en LogMAR cambió después del tratamiento, pasando de 1.05 antes del tratamiento a 0,51, con una significancia estadística valor de p=0.002. Luego del tratamiento, 12 de los 22 pacientes (54%), estaban por encima de 20/50, logrando 20/20 en tres casos y 20/25 en cinco casos. No se observaron casos de hipertensión ocular, y se reportaron cinco complicaciones durante el tratamiento. Conclusiones: el tratamiento de toxoplasmosis retinal severa con el esquema de clindamicina intravítrea seguida de triamcinolona intravítrea muestra resultados positivos. Este tratamiento se puede recomendar para casos de toxoplasmosis retinales severas, definidas como aquellas que comprometen mácula, nervio óptico o toxoplasmosis difusas atípicas.


Objective: to determine the efficacy of sequential use of intravitreal clindamycin - intravitreal triamcinolone in the treatment of retinal toxoplasmosis severe (defi ned as one that affects the macula and / or the optic nerve) and diffuse atypical toxoplasmosis. Methods: we prospectively evaluated 22 eyes of 22 patients diagnosed with severe retinal toxoplasmosis, managed with intravitreal clindamycin (4,5mg/0,03 cc) followed a week later, the application of intravitreal triamcinolone(4mgs/0,1 cc). Visual acuity was measured and converted to LogMAR. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon test. Results: 82% (18 patients) of eyes treated with this system showed improved visual acuity, 9% (2 patients), stabilized, 9% (2 patients), worsened after treatment. Without treatment, 74% of patients (16 patients) had less than 20/200 vision. With treatment, this percentage decreased to 26% (6 patients). Visual acuity in LogMAR changed after treatment from 1,05 to 0,51 with statistical significance p=0,002. After treatment, 12 of 22 patients (54%) were above 20/50, 20/20 achieved in three cases and 20/25 in five cases. No cases of ocular hypertension and five complications were reported during treatment. Conclusions: The treatment of severe retinal toxoplasmosis with clindamycin scheme followed by intravitreal triamcinolone shows positive results. This treatment could be recommended for severe cases of retinal toxoplasmosis, defined as those that involve the macula, optic nerve, or diffuse atypical toxoplasmosis.


Subject(s)
Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/therapy , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Eye Infections/therapy , Triamcinolone/therapeutic use
3.
Medisan ; 15(11)nov. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616406

ABSTRACT

El uso adecuado de los antimicrobianos se ha convertido en un asunto de urgencia hoy en día, debido fundamentalmente al fenómeno de la resistencia bacteriana. Con el objetivo de contribuir a elevar y actualizar el conocimiento sobre el empleo de estos fármacos contra las infecciones oculares, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica al respecto, donde se relacionan las sepsis y los microorganismos que suelen afectar el globo ocular, así como se exponen otros aspectos no menos importantes sobre presentación, vías de administración, mecanismos de acción y concentración de antibióticos.


The appropriate use of antimicrobians has become an emergency matter nowadays, mainly due to the phenomenon of bacterial resistance. With the objective of contributing to increase and update the knowledge on the use of these drugs against the eye infections a literature review on this respect was carried out, in which sepsis and organisms that usually affect the eyeball are related. Other last but not least aspects as occurrence, administration routes, action mechanisms and concentration of antibiotics are also exposed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Prescriptions , Drug Resistance , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Eye Infections/therapy , Ophthalmology
4.
Rev. medica electron ; 32(5)sept.-oct. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616122

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio explicativo cuasiexperimental, con el objetivo de diseñar un sistema de actividades educativas para perfeccionar el diagnóstico y tratamiento integrado de las afecciones oftalmológicas a los pacientes geriátricos en la clínica oftalmológica José Martí, de Ecuador, en el período comprendido entre febrero y diciembre de 2008. Se aplicaron cuestionarios a 8 residentes, 2 especialistas en Medicina General Integral y 1 optometrista, que realizan pesquisa activa y pasiva.Se creó un grupo focal integrado por especialistas de oftalmología, farmacéutico y director de la clínica, para diseñar los protocolos terapéuticos y un plan de actividades avanzadas para elevar el conocimiento de las afecciones oculares en los médicos y pacientes. Se realizaron recomendaciones para incrementar la asesoría facultativa, con la participación de los pacientes adultos mayores, para mejorar la educación sanitaria de estos pacientes y un programa de acción para diagnóstico precoz y prevención.Una vez aplicado el sistema de actividades, se constató la aplicación de los protocolos terapéuticos integrados de las enfermedades oftalmológicas más frecuentes diagnosticadas en la clínica, a través de un examen oftalmológico óptico/instrumental...


We carried out a quasi experimental explicative study, with the objective of designing a system of educative activities to improve the integrated diagnosing and treatment of the ophthalmologic diseases of the geriatric patients at the ophthalmologic clinic José Martí, Ecuador, in the period from January to December 2008. 8 residents, 2 specialists in General Integral Medicine and 1 optometrist, who carry out active and passive investigations, answered our questionnaires. We created a focal group integrated by Ophthalmology specialists, a druggist and the director of the clinic, to design the therapeutic protocols and a plan of advanced activities to improve the ocular illnesses knowledge among physicians and patients. Recommendations were given to increase facultative advisement, with the participation of elder patients, to improve these patients' health education and an action program for precocious diagnosis and intervention. Once the system applied, we stated the application of the integrated therapeutic protocols of the ophthalmologic diseases more frequently diagnosed in the clinic through an optic/instrumental ophthalmologic examination...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Aged , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Ecuador , Eye Infections/diagnosis , Eye Infections/prevention & control , Eye Infections/therapy , Health Facilities , Health Personnel , Clinical Protocols
5.
Col. med. estado Táchira ; 17(2): 40-42, abr.-jun. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-531281

ABSTRACT

La infección por citomegalovirus solamente es sintomática en un 2 por ciento de los recién nacidos vivos. Sin embargo, la expresión clínica es generalmente desbastante en el neonato, ocasionando procesos de Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica hasta generar daños irreversibles como ceguera por coriorretinitis y retardo psicomotor. El tratamiento de los casos sintomáticos se realiza a través de un inhibidor de la replicación viral como lo es el ganciclovir; cuya vía de administración es exclusivamente endovenosa, teniendo que hospitalizar al paciente por espacio de un intervalo mínimo de 21 días; ocasionando costos de hospitalización, riesgos de sobreinfección por agentes nosocomiales y separación temporal de la madre. Se presenta el siguiente caso de una lactante con coriorretinitis congénita, ocasionado por citomegalovirus, por comprobación de Reacción de Cadena de Polimerasa. Se inicia tratamiento ambulatorio con valganciclovir a una dosis de 30mg/kg/día. A los 03 meses del tratamiento, se realiza control de la actividad del citomegalovirus por Reacción de la Cadena de Polimerasa, la cual reporta negativa. Entre los efectos adversos se apreció un incremento leve de las transaminasas, las cuales se mantuvieron en dichos niveles a lo largo del tratamiento. No se observaron citopenias con el tratamiento ni otros efectos de importancia. El valganciclovir, una prodroga del ganciclovir, puede ofrecer una alternativa viable para el manejo de este tipo de pacientes, restando gastos de hospitalización y otras complicaciones derivadas a la vía endovenosa, pero con igual efecto terapéutico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Cytomegalovirus/pathogenicity , Chorioretinitis/congenital , Chorioretinitis/diagnosis , Chorioretinitis/pathology , Ganciclovir/therapeutic use , Eye Infections/diagnosis , Eye Infections/therapy , Blindness/etiology , Ganciclovir/pharmacology , Ophthalmology , Pediatrics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Transaminases/analysis
6.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 38(2): 150-155, abr.-jun. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-447254

ABSTRACT

Modelo de Estudo: Relato de caso. Importância do problema: A hanseníase é uma afecção que conduz a inúmeras alterações nos globos e anexos oculares, primordialmente no segmento anterior do olho, com relativa alta prevalência em países subdesenvolvidos. A iridociclite e as alterações corneanas provocadas cronicamente por essa infecção são as manifestações mais freqüentemente envolvidas no estabelecimento da cegueira. Comentários: O caso descrito mostra um achado atípico do acometimento do segmento anterior do olho pela Hanseníase. À biomicroscopia observou-se precipitados ceráticos ovalados, acastanhados, distribuídos na metade inferior do endotélio corneano com aproximadamente 2mm de diâmetro. Essas características ímpares, ainda não foram descritas na literatura. Após tratamento houve recuperação da acuidade visual do paciente, com manutenção dos achados de córnea. São feitas considerações a respeito dos aspectos epidemiológicos e de exame oftalmológico revisados sobre Hanseníase.


Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Blindness/prevention & control , Endothelium, Corneal/injuries , Endothelium, Corneal/pathology , Iridocyclitis , Eye Infections/rehabilitation , Eye Infections/therapy , Leprosy, Lepromatous
7.
s.l; s.n; s.ed; 2004. 10p
Non-conventional in English | LILACS, SES-SP, HANSEN, HANSENIASE, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1241981

ABSTRACT

Leprosy remains an important health problem wordlwide. The disease is caused by a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and peripheral nerves with Mycobacterium leprae. The clinical range from tuberculoid to lepromatous leprosy is a result of variation in the cellular immune response to the mycobacterium. The resulting impaiment of nerve function causes the disabilities associated with leprosy. This review summarises recent advances in understanding of the biology of leprosy, clinical features of the disease, the current diagnostic criteria, and the new approaches to treatment of the infection and the immune-mediated complications. Supervised multi-drug therapy (MDT) for fixed durations is highly effective for all forms of the disease. The widespread implementation of MDT has been associated with a fall in the prevalence of the leprosy but as yet no reduction in the case-detection rate globally. Thus, leprosy control activities must be maintained for decades to interrupt transmission of infection


Subject(s)
Leprosy/surgery , Leprosy/classification , Leprosy/complications , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/etiology , Leprosy/history , Leprosy/prevention & control , Leprostatic Agents , Eye Infections/pathology , Eye Infections/therapy , Neurites/pathology , Neurites/therapy
9.
SJO-Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology. 1994; 8 (2): 63-5
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-35375

ABSTRACT

Polyspectran[R] [Thilo, Munich, Germany] topical eye medication contains polymyxin B, neomycin, and gramicidin. The combination exhibits broad - spectrum antimicrobial activity. All three drugs are too toxic for systemic use. Our objective was to assess Polyspectran's[R] effectiveness in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, as well as patients' acceptance of and tolerance to this combination. Thirty-three patients with a clinical diagnosis of mucopurulent conjunctivitis who were also culture-positive for bacterial conjunctivitis were entered in the study. All received topical Polyspectran[R] eyedrops six times per day, and Polyspectran[R] eye ointment at bedtime. In two patients [6%], treatment had to be discontinued because of an allergic reaction, later found to be due to the neomycin component. The remaining 31 patients completed a one - week course of therapy. Clinical signs and symptoms were reduced by 50% or more within one week of cassation of therapy in 30 [97%] of these; 28 [90%] had a microbiological cure. The study suggests that topical Polyspectran[R] is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Eye Infections/therapy , Gramicidin
10.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 1988. 105 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, HANSEN, HANSENIASE, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1231309

ABSTRACT

This study is based on the observation of 363 patients bearing different types of hansen's diseases, and it was performed on a small community in the sate of Minas Gerais (municipality of Betim, MG). In examining a patient we had no previous knowledge as to the type of leprosy to expect. Therefore, we were able to study all of our patients free of umbiased ideas and without the danger of being influenced by a prevous diagnosis. The protocol, which was closely followed in every detail, was brokendown as follows: visual acuity, facial muscle functions, eyebrown, eyelashes, lacrimal apparatus, pupil, ocular motility, cornea sensibility, schimer test, a through study of the anterior segment of the eye with a slit-lamp Haag Streit - 900 and photo documentation (Nikon slit-lamp). In addition to theses particularities, several hystopathologic studies were carried out on parts of an enucleated eye


Subject(s)
Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/pathology , Leprosy/therapy , Eye Infections/diagnosis , Eye Infections/pathology , Eye Infections/therapy
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